When medical care goes wrong, the consequences can be devastating — and knowing that the system will hold providers accountable matters enormously. The UAE has a clear legal framework for medical negligence, with a dedicated expert committee at its centre. This guide explains how it works and how to bring a claim.
This is general legal information, not advice on your specific case. For a confidential assessment, speak to our civil and compensation lawyers in Dubai.
The law: Medical Liability (Federal Decree-Law 4 of 2016)
Medical negligence in the UAE is governed by Federal Decree-Law No. 4 of 2016 on Medical Liability. It defines what a medical error is, sets out the duties of medical professionals, and — crucially — establishes the committees that decide whether an error actually occurred.
The Medical Liability Committee
At the heart of every case is the Medical Liability Committee (with a Supreme Committee above it). This body of medical experts reviews the complaint and gives a formal opinion on whether a medical error occurred, what caused it, the harm it produced, the causal link between the two, and any resulting percentage of disability. Its finding largely shapes the outcome of the case.
How to file a complaint
You begin by complaining to the relevant health authority, which refers the matter to the committee:
- Dubai: the Dubai Health Authority (DHA), via its medical complaints platform.
- Federal / most other emirates: the Ministry of Health and Prevention (MOHAP).
- Abu Dhabi: the Department of Health (DoH).
From finding to compensation
If the committee confirms that negligence occurred, you can pursue compensation through the courts for the harm suffered — medical costs, loss of income, disability and moral damages. In serious cases the matter can also carry criminal consequences for the provider. This follows the wider rules on injury compensation.
Evidence, deadlines and appeals
Your medical records and reports are the foundation of any claim, so gather and preserve them. Committee decisions can be challenged within 30 days, so timelines matter — take advice early rather than late.
Frequently asked questions
How do I prove medical negligence in the UAE?
Through the Medical Liability Committee, which reviews your records and gives an expert opinion on whether an error occurred and what harm it caused.
Where do I file a medical complaint?
With the relevant health authority — the DHA in Dubai, MOHAP federally, or the DoH in Abu Dhabi — which refers it to the committee.
Can I get compensation for medical negligence?
Yes. If the committee confirms negligence, you can claim compensation through the courts for your losses, including medical costs, lost income and moral damages.
Is there a deadline to challenge a decision?
Yes — a committee decision can generally be challenged within 30 days, so act promptly.
If you or a loved one has been harmed by medical care, we can guide you through the committee process and the compensation claim. Speak to our medical negligence lawyers in Dubai for a confidential consultation.
Reviewed by Ms. Amal Khamis, Advocate & Legal Consultant. This article is general information about UAE law and not a substitute for tailored legal advice.
Related reading: Personal Injury & Traffic Accident Compensation in the UAE.